Posted in Articles, Overview on July 19, 2011
 

One hundred seventy (170) conditions have been identified as arthritis or arthritus-related diseases. You may find some of these surprising—or, if you have one of them, encouraging to know what it is! 

 

 

In any case, we can choose to be better-educated and more compassionate, because one in every three persons has at least one of these conditions. Unfortunately, some have several.

 

Alphabetical Listing


A B C D F G H I J K L M NF O P R S T U V W Y

A is for Arthritis

Achilles tendonitis is inflammation, irritation, and swelling of the Achilles tendon (the tendon that connects the muscles of the calf to the heel).

 

Achondroplasia is a condition where the formation of cartilage is retarded. People affected by this disease have a predisposition to bone and joint problems.

 

Acromegalic arthropathy is an arthropathy (joint disease) that affects patients with acromegaly–a disease of adults caused by overproduced growth hormones; this results in enlarged bones in the hands, feet, jaw, nose, and ribs. This leads to a functional disability caused by thickening of the articular cartilage in the shoulder, wrist, knees and tendons of the heels.

 

Adhesive capsulitis is a syndrome that causes the restriction of the glenohumeral joint.

 

Adult Onset Still’s Disease is an inflammatory disorder that causes fever, rash, sore throat and arthritis.

 

Ankylosing spondylitis is the chronic inflammation of the spine and sacroiliac joints and causes pain and stiffness in the lower back.

 

Anserine bursitis results in pain and tenderness in the inner knee. It is also known as goosefoot.

 

Avascular necrosis is the disease that results in the death of bone tissue, causing the bone to collapse. It usually occurs in the thigh.
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B is for Bursitis

Behcet’s syndrome is a disease that causes inflammation and leads to swelling, stiffness, warmth, pain and tenderness.

 

Bicipital tendonitis is an inflammatory process which causes shoulder pain. It occurs when the tendon is exposed on the anterior (front) shoulder as it passes through the humeral bicipital groove and inserts on the superior (top) part of the labrum of the glenohumeral joint.

 

Blount’s disease is a growth disorder of the shin bone that makes the lower leg angle inward.

 

Brucellar spondilytis is the most common form of musculoskeletal involvement, which causes the development of an osteophyte on the spine.

 

Bursitis is the inflammation of the fluid filled sacs (bursa), which ordinarily help in joint movement. Inflammation of the bursa is most common in the shoulder. It’s caused by wear and tear on the body, often arising from a particular job. It produces pain, tenderness and restricted movement in nearby joints.
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C is for Carpal Tunnel

Calcaeneal bursitis is the pain, caused by pathology at the posterior calcaenus, Achilles tendon or the associated bursae, occurring at the posterior (back) ankle or heel. It is most commonly caused by repetitive overuse. Cumulative trauma is usually experienced by runners wearing tight-fitting shoes and is often confused with Haglund deformity (a closely-associated condition).

 

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD)— Microscopic crystals of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate in the synovial fluid cause inflammation and pain in the joints.

 

Crystal deposition disease—Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition is a condition that leads to pain, redness, heat and swelling in the joints. Crystal deposit disease is often referred to as Pseudo Gout or Chonodrocalcinosis.

 

Caplan’s syndrome is caused by massive nodulosis in the lungs in a patient who is exposed to silica while having rheumatoid arthritis.

 

Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by swollen tendons, which compress the median nerve as they pass through the wrist.

 

Chondrocalcinosis usually occurrs because of a collection of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals. It is often seen as a manifestation of CPPD.

 

Chondromalacia patellae is the softening of the articular cartilage of the knee cap. This cartilage is the smooth and shiny lining under the knee cap that articulates with the knee joint. This helps in the bending of the knee and if it softens, it can lead to problems. This is common among teenagers and young adults.

 

Chronic synovitis is an arthritis that is closely associated with antinuclear antibodies and chronic uveitis and is manifested in a few joints. It is usually non-infective chronic inflammatory joint disease and often results in growth retardation and bony ankylosis in children. Hypoplasia of the jaw is a facial manifestation of this arthritis.

 

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis occurs when a child’s bones become inflamed and painful and is not caused by an infection. In other ways it is highly similar to osteomyelitis and it is a disease that occurs occasionally and flares up every once in a while.

 

Churg-Strauss syndrome occurs because of an autoimmunity leading to necrosis (death). It involves the arteries and nerves and starts out as an asthma in the lungs. It is largely a connective tissue disease which can lead to arthritis.

 

Cogan’s syndrome is a rare rheumatic disease associated with inflammation of the inner ear and eyes. The syndrome is manifested as interstitial keratitis characterized by abrupt vertigo, tinnitus, and rapid development of bilateral deafness.

 

Corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis is a type of osteoporosis brought about by the long term use of drugs. Bone loss is a common symptom and the patient runs a severe risk of factures of the hip and distal radius and vertebral factures.

 

Costosternal syndrome or costochondritis is an inflammation of the cartilage that connects the inner end of each rib of the sternum.

 

CREST syndrome is a relatively benign form of systemic sclerosis and is a rare, chronic disease, characterized by excessive deposits of collagen.

 

Cryoglobulinemia is the presence of abnormal proteins in the bloodstream that thickens on the exposure to cold. It is indicative of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.

 

 
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D is for Degenerative

 

Jump to this placeDegenerative joint disease is a type of arthritis that is characterized by degernerative and hypertrophic changes in the bone and cartilage of one or more joints and a progressive wearing down of joints that leads to joint distortion.

 

Dermatomyositis is a type of rheumatic disease which causes damage to muscle tissue due to the inflammation of blood vessels.

 

Diabetic finger sclerosis is a condition in which the skin of the toes, fingers and hands become thick, waxy and tight and the joints also become stiff due to high glucose levels in the blood.

 

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is characterized by excessive bone growth along the spine and inflammation and bone growth where tendons and ligaments attach to the bone is also common.

 

Discitis is the non-bacterial inflammation of an inter-vertebral disc or disc space. Severe back pain is the characteristic of the disease.

 

Discoid lupus erythematosus is a chronic, scarring, atrophy producing, photosensitive dermatosis that produces lesions over the cheek and bridge of the nose. Arthralgia or arthritis may occur as a secondary condition.

 

Drug-induced lupus is characterized by a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the skin, joints, kidneys and other organs. Joint pain and arthritis are common side effects of this disease.

 

Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy is an inherited disorder that is a swiftly progressing muscle weakness usually developing in the legs, and then spreading upwards.

 

Dupuytren’s contracture is a form of arthritis in which the fingers bend towards the palm and cannot be fully extended. This type of arthritis occurs in patients who have a hereditary thickening of the tough tissue called fascia that lies just below the skin in the palm of the hand. It was discovered by Baron Guillaume Dupuytren.
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E is for Epicondylitis

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Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is an inherited disease that inhibits the growth of connective tissues and destroys existing tissues that bind all our muscle, tissues, ligaments and organs. This disease also reduces the synthesis of collagen and this results in rheumatic conditions.

 

Enteropathic arthritis is a disease that can lead to the absorption of antigenic materials, including bacterial antigens into the body and is associated with a number of other conditions. The bacteria localize in the musculoskeletal tissues and create inflammation.

 

Epicondylitis is the inflammation of muscles, bursa and tendons.

 

Erosive inflammatory osteoarthritis is the most common type of joint disease and it occurs due to the biochemical breakdown of articular cartilage in the synovial joints.

 

Exercise-induced compartment syndrome is a condition that causes pain in the front of the shin bone and this usually occurs after a period of activity or exercise and it can be easily relieved by rest.
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F is for Fibromyalgia

 

Fabry’s disease is a lysosomal storage disease that leads to the accumulation of ceramide trihexoside in the cardiovascular and renal systems. In the long run it will cause renal failure and rheumatoid arthritis.

 

Familial Mediterranean fever is a hereditary inflammatory disorder that causes attacks of abdominal pain, fever and arthritis.

 

Farber’s lipogranulomatosis is the painful swelling that affect the tendons and the joints and is usually found in children.

 

Felty’s syndrome is a rheumatoid arthritis that leads to vasculitis, anaemia, thrombocytopenia and lympadenopathy.

 

Fibromyalgia is a chronic syndrome that causes pervasive muscle aches, stiffness, profound fatigue, soft tissue tenderness and sleep

disorder.

 

Fifth’s disease is a disease usually found in children and one of its most common effects is the distinct development of rashes and can manifest as excessive pain in the bones and joints in adults. While the arthritis associated with fifth’s disease is temporary, the symptoms can last for weeks or months.

 

Flat feet is the disease that causes the arch of the foot to collapse.

 

Foreign body synovitis manifests as acute septic arthritis.

 

Freiberg ’s disease is the condition of osteochondrosis of the head of the second metatarsal bones of the feet.

 

Fungal arthritis is the inflammation of the joints that is caused by fungus infection.
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G is for Gout

Gaucher’s disease is an inherited disorder where the lipid metabolism is affected. The substance Glucosyl ceramide starts to accumulate in the cells of bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes and causes osteonecrosis of the hip.

 

Giant cell arthritis is a disease of the older people with polymyalgia rheumatica. It is characterized by inflammation of the giant cells and granulomas. It is associated with headache, pain with chewing, weight loss and fever.

 

Gonococcal arthritis is an infection of a one joint that is an side effect of a sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea.

 

Goodpasture’s syndrome is a unknown condition that leads to quick destruction of the kidneys and hemorrhaging in the lungs. Arthritis is a very important side effect.

 

Gout is a type of arthritis caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in joints the joints due to hyperuremia. A striking feature is the enlargement of the big toe.

 

Granulomatous arteritis can also be referred to as granulomatous arthritis. It is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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H is for Hepatitis B

 

Hemarthrosis is a disease that causes bleeding into a joint and arthritis is a secondary effect.

 

Hemochromatosis is a metabolic disorder that causes iron accumulation in the body tissues and organs and if not treated in time it can be crippling and potentially fatal.

 

Henoch-Schonlein purpura is a disease that causes blood vessels to get inflamed and this may lead to arthritis.

 

Hepatitis B surface antigen disease is closely associated with arthritis. The pathogenesis of arthritis is manifested as rheumatoid arthritis, polyarteritis nodosa, Raynaud’s disease and polyathralgia

 

Hip dysplasia is a disease that can cause lameness and painful arthritis in the joints.

 

Hurler syndrome is a disease that results in abnormal development of cartilage and bones.

 

Hypermobility syndrome is the syndrome that allows joints to move beyond the usual range with very little effort.

 

Hypersensitivity vasculitis is the disease that causes problems in organs and joints and arthritis is a secondary effect of this.

 

Hypertrophic osteoarthopathy is a sydrome in which the fingers and toes get clubbed, the extremities are enlarged and the joints swell up and this can cause arthritis as well.

 

 
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I is for Impingement

Jump to this placeImmune complex disease occurs due to the malfunction of the clearance of the immune cells generated during an infection. Aggregated cells form clumps which lodge in the tissues and damage the surrounding bone and cartilage.

 

Impingement syndrome is caused by the abnormal function of the joints such as the shoulder and the knee. The most commonly seen is the pinching together of the soft tissue in the shoulder due to the overuse.
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J is for Juvenile

Jaccoud’s arthropathy is associated with a condition of arthropathy that occurs due to repeated arthritis attacks and rheumatic fever. It causes capsular inflammation and fibrosis.

 

Juvenile ankylosing spondylitis is a combination of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), Reiter syndrome (RS), reactive arthritis (ReA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), spondyloarthropathy associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy (USpA) and is an inherited disease.

 

Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is an auto immune disorder and it attacks the blood vessels. It leads to vasculitis and a secondary condition of arthritis.

 

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis affects children before the age of sixteen and is a form of the rheumatoid arthritis. Bone growth is retarded and the long joints are inflamed.

 
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K is for Kawasaki

 

Jump to this placeKawasaki disease has not been fully characterized. It is also known as the mucocutaneous lymph node disease, and it involves the lymph nodes, blood vessels and the heart.

 

Kienbock’s disease affects the lunate bone in the wrist due to the loss of blood supply to the bone.
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L is for Lyme

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease is a condition usually found in children in which the thigh bone’s blood supply is cut off, causing the hip to become stiff. Arthritis is a secondary effect.

 

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes arthritis, kidney stones, mental retardation, gout and self-mutilating behavior.

 

Linear scleroderma causes a line of thickened skin that affects the bones and muscles underneath. Itusually occurs in the arms, legs and

shoulders.

 

Lipoid dermatoarthritis is a systemic disease that causes arthritis, fever and weight loss.

 

Lofgren’s syndrome is a disease causing joint pain. It is commonly found in Puerto Rico, Ireland and Sweden

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Lyme disease is caused by ticks. It can bring on fever, rash, and inflammation of heart and joints.
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M is for Myofascial

Malignant synovioma is a rare arthritic condition of the spine.

 

Marfan’s syndrome is a disorder of the connective tissue and affects the long limbs, digits and results in the entire skeleton being affected. The causes of this disorder is unknown, but is believed to be hereditary..

 

Medial plica syndrome—The plica is a thin fibrous tissue that is an extension of the synovial capsule of the knee on the inner side. When the knee is irritated the synovium is inflamed and the plica becomes thickened causing the femur to lock when the knee moves.

 

Metastatic carcinomatous arthritis is a rare type of arthritis that often occurs in patients who have malignant cells in the snovial fluid and metastatic carinomatous deposits in and about the joints.

 

Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is characterized by high serum titres of antibodies to ribonuclease. This is also known as overlap syndrome as it has overlapping features with lupus erytheatosus, scleroderma, polymyositis, and Raynaud’s phenomenon.

 

 

Mixed cryoglobulinemia is associated with chronic liver inflammation caused by hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection. One of the side effects of this infection is the stunting of the skeletal growth and skeletal changes. It also results in deficiencies in the production of lysosomal enzymes that are required for glycosaminoglycan catabolism—a major constituent of connective tissues which in turn affects the joints.

 

Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis is a rare disease that affects women. It is characterized by polyarthritis of the hands and large joints with nodular swellings in the skin, bone, mucus and synovial membranes.

 

Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia is part of the symptoms of a rare spectrum of disorders that is characterized by malformation of the head of long bones. The affected individuals have a short thighbone, short hands and fingers, short stature and a waddling gait. They experience pain in the hips and knees. Sometimes joints become inflamed.

 

Mycoplasmal arthritis is a chronic erosive arthritis that manifests as an antibody deficiency and is often caused by mycoplasmal infection.

 

Myofascial pain syndrome is a musculoskeletal disease that is characterized by the development of Myofacial trigger points that are sensitive and refer pain through specific patterns to other areas of the body. The muscles at these points are thickened and ropey.
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N is for Neonatal

Neonatal lupus is rare, occurs in infants, and is caused by the transplacental passage of maternal autoantibodies. Children may later develop neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE). Mothers of children with NLE may develop systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue disorders.

 

Neuropathic arthropathy causes bone and joint changes and may occur as secondary effect to many disorders.

 

Nodular panniculitis is a disease that causes single or multiple, painful bumps beneath the skin and it usually leads to inflammation and arthritis.
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O is for Osteoarthritis

 

Ochronosis is the accumulation of a dark pigment in the cartilage and connective tissues that causes dark discolortion of the tissues.

 

Olecranon bursitis is the inflammation of the bursa located between the ulna and the skin at the tip of the elbow and is caused due to its superficial location.

 

Osgood-Schlatter disease is called “Growing Pains.” It is usually found at the knee and is a condition affecting adolescents who exercise. Pain, swelling and tenderness are some symptoms.

 

Osteoarthritis is the arthritis caused in middle age due to degenerative changes in the bone and cartilage of joints and is accompanied by pain and stiffness.

 

Osteochondromatosis is a condition caused by multiple osteochondromas and this causes cartilage to form in the synovial membrane of the joints, tendon sheets or bursae.

 

Osteogenesis imperfecta is also known as brittle bone disease and is a kind of genetic bone disorder that prevents the adequate production of collagen in the body. Collagen is a protein that is required for producing strong bones that do not break easily.

 

Osteomalacia is an abnormal condition of the lamellar bone. The bone softens due to loss of calcification of the matrix and is accompanied by weakness, fracture, pain, anorexia and weight loss.

 

Osteomyelitis is infection by a pyogenic or any other organism causes an inflammation of the bone. The inflammation may remain localized or spread through the bone and involve the marrow, cortex, cancellous tissue and periosteum.

 

Osteonecrosis means “dead bone.” It refers to a form of arthritis in which the the joints are affected. This type of arthritis is also known as avascular necrosis or ischemic necrosis. This disease is caused by decrease in blood supply to specific parts of the bones.

 

Osteoporosis is caused by a decrease in bone and the strength of the trabecular bone is reduced. The cortical bone also becomes thin and the bones become fragile and easily fracture.

 

Overlap syndrome is a connective tissue disorder. Patients with overlap syndromes have both hepatitic and cholestatic biochemical and histological features of AIH, PBC, and/or PSC. They usually manifest a progression toward cirrhosis of the liver or liver failure unless aggressively treated.
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P is for Psoriatic

 

Pachydermoperiostosis Paget’s disease of bone is a disease in which the break down and reformation of the bone are increased. This leads to the brittleness of the bones.

 

Palindromic rheumatism is a condition associated with episodic articular or periarticular pain often accompanied by redness. It is similar to rheumatoid arthritis.

 

Patellofemoral pain syndrome are the pains associated with the knee cap.

 

Pellegrini-Stieda syndrome is a condition seen due to trauma experienced in the ligament of the knee.

 

Pigmented villonodular synovitis is a degenerative tumour in the synovium and leads to pain in the joints.. It is painful and is very uncommon.

 

Piriformis syndrome occurs when the sciatic nerve go through the piriformis muscle instead of passing below it. It causes pain due to the friction on the bone.

 

Plantar fasciitis is a painful condition where there is excessive usage of the heel of the foot. It is associated with obesity and sudden weight gain.

 

Polyarteritis nodosa or the Kussmaul-Maier disease is caused due to the inflammation of the arteries leading to a disease of the connective tissue leading to problems involving the bones and muscles.

 

Polymyalgia rheumatica leads to stiffness and inflammation of the muscles of the shoulders, arms, neck and thighs. It causes extreme pain in the bones and responds well to steroids.

 

Polymyositis is a condition that causes pain and weakness in the region of the throat, making it difficult to swallow, and inflammation of the upper arms.

 

Popliteal cysts occur when there is accumulation of the excess of the synovium secreted because, the part has been under excessive stress, in the weakest part of the muscle forming a sac filled with fluid.

 

Posterior tibial tendonitis—The inflammation of the posterior tibial tendonitis or its rupture leads to pain in the foot and ankle.

 

Pott’s disease—Tuberculous spondyloarthropathy is the technical name and it occurs when tuberculosis affects the spine of the patient and it leads to hunchback.

 

Prepatellar bursitis is associated with sweeling of the front portion of the knedue to excessive usage of the knee. It fills with fluid and is extremely painful.

 

Prosthetic joint infection is caused by bacteria in the prosthetic limb leading o pain and swelling of the area.

 

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum is an genetic disorder in which the elastic fibers become slowly calcified and become stiff and causes multiple problems.

Psoriatic arthritis is a condition in which the synovial membrane swells and also causes stiffness in the joints. It is assoaiated with psoriasis, a skin disease.
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R is for Rheumatoid

 

Raynaud’s phenomenon is a discoloration of the fingers or toes due to cold and is associated with a form of vasculitis belonging to rheumatology family.

 

Reactive arthritis/Reiter’s syndrome is a HLA B-27 related reactive arthritis accompanied by the classical triad of arthritis –namely conjunctivitis, urethritis and spondyloarthropathies. The Reiter’s syndrome displays an inflammation of large joints, eyes and urethra.

 

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome is a complex regional pain syndrome that is characterized by a severe burning sensation with pathological changes in bone and skin. Excessive sweating, tissue swelling and extreme sensitivity to touch are common symptoms. A variant of this disease is known as causalgia.

 

Relapsing polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disorder that is manifested as an inflammation of the hyaline cartilage in joints, nose, pinna and airways. Scleritis may manifest in some patients.

 

Retrocalcaneal bursitis is manifested as an inflammation of the bursa at the back of the heel bone and is extremely painful when the foot is moved up and down.

 

Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease of the joints, skin, the heart and other tissues in the body. It is caused by the body’s immune reaction to streptococcal infection in childhood.

 

Rheumatoid arthritis is a major form of arthritis that affects the body’s immune system and provokes it to attack the joints, causing them to swell painfully. Deformity of the joint is a distinct possibility.

 

Rheumatoid vasculitis—In this type of arthritis, the blood vessels become inflamed and thickened. They become narrow and there is a reduction in the flow of blood thereby depriving the tissues of the normal flow of blood and nourishment. The starved tissues then, damage the joints and cause inflammation.

 

Rotator cuff tendonitis is an arthritic condition associated with the inflammation of the tendons in the shoulder joint causing a common set of problems such as inflammation of the joint and inability to properly use the joint. The symptoms are referred to as impingement syndrome also
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S is for Spondylolysis

Sacroiliitis is the inflammation of sacroiilic joint at the base of the spine.

 

Salmonella osteomyelitis is due to salmonella organisms and occurs very frequently in the sickle cell disease.

 

Sarcoidosis is the inflammation that cause lumps of cells to develop in various parts of the body and in the long run can affect the organs of the body.

 

Saturnine gout is a form of lead poisoning that causes acute attacks in the knee.

 

Scheuermann’s osteochondritis is a disease that is quite common in children and causes the back curve to become exaggerated.It causes backache and stiffness and is aggravated by sitting

 

Scleroderma is the disease affecting the skin and connective tissue causing it to become hard and this can cause severe pain in the joints..

 

Septic arthritis is the bacterial infection of the joints and can be a complication of rheumatoid arthritis.

 

Seronegative arthritis may be of two types- seronegative rheumatoid arthritis and seronegative spondyloarthopathy. Persons impacted by this disease lack the autoantibody.

 

Shigella arthritis is a type of gastroenteritis-inducing arthritis that is prevalent in Egypt, India, Thailand, Congo and Turkey.

 

Shoulder-hand syndrome is a form of algodystrophy characterized by pain and limited motion of the shoulder and hand of the affected arm.

 

Sickle cell arthropathy is a rare condition. Pain and bone infractions of the hand and foot may be the first presentation of this disease. Symmetric swelling of hands and feet can be seen, accompanied by severe pain.

 

Sjogren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by abnormal production of antibodies in the blood. These antibodies then attack the tissues in the body and a secondary rheumatic disorder is manifested.

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is a n arthritic condition that occurs due to the slip of the femoral head or ball from the neck of the thigh bone and causes severe pain.

 

Spinal stenosis is a spinal disease, which is caused by the narrowing of the nerve openings either around the spinal cord or nerve roots, and causes pain. This abnormality leaves a narrow bony canal causing spinal stenosis and degenerative arthritis. Radiating pain is felt in the legs and lower back.

 

Spondylolysis is a degeneration of the intervertebral disc that predisposes the patient to spondylolisthesis. Misalignment of the spinal column can result in abnormal movements and inflammation leading to pain.

 

Staphylococcus arthritis— Staphylococcus aureus bacteria cause this form of arthritis. This type of arthritis needs to be treated quickly or it can lead to destruction of the joints. The knee and the hip are commonly affected joints.

 

Stickler syndrome is a genetic disorder of the connective tissue that affects the vision, hearing, facial and skeletal development. This is caused by mutations of collagen genes which inhibit the formation of tissues.

 

Subacute cutaneous lupus may be a systemic problem or a drug induced one. Patients usually have arthritis in addition to subacute cutaneous lupus.

 

Sweet’s syndrome is a disease that is characterized by large, rapidly extending, erythematous tender plaques on the upper body of the patient. It is often accompanied by fever, arthritis and vasculitis.

 

Sydenham’s chorea is a self-limiting condition and is caused by streptococci bacteria. It is known as rheumatic fever and is characterized by sudden onset of fever and joint pains. It might leave the patient a victim of rheumatoid arthritis.

 

Syphilitic arthritis is caused by spirochete Treponema pallidum bacteria and is manifested as lesions of joints. Children experience painless swelling of both knees with marked effusion in the first stage and painful fleeting joint pains in the second stage. Pains increase during the night.

 

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a connective tissue disease that causes inflammation of the tissues and periodic inflammation of the synovial membranes of the joints. The patient experiences pains that are similar to rheumatoid pains.
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T is for Traumatic

Takayasu’s arthritis is characterized by a lack of pulse in the carotid arteries and the arms. It has been reported to affect many Asian women. The symptoms include muscular dystrophy, transient blindness and it also affects the kidneys.

 

Tarsal tunnel syndrome is caused due to the ensnarement of the tibial nerve in the tarsal tunnel of the ankle.

 

Tennis elbow, also referred to as lateral epicondylitis, is a condition where the joint becomes inflamed and is painful due to excessive use of the muscles.

 

Tietze’s syndrome is a condition which is characterized by acute pain and inflammation in the joints of the ribs, breast bone and the thoracic region.

 

Transient osteoporosis is a rare disorder usually affecting women in the hip due to pregnancy. Acute pain in the hip and groin area is the key symptoms which last for 6-10 months after which it resolves.

 

Traumatic arthritis is caused due to excessive and repeated trauma or jerky motions in a specific joint or ligament.

 

Trochanteric bursitis is also referred to as hip bursitis. The bursal sac is when inflamed causes the tendon of the hip bone to rub against the bone and this causes acute pain.

 

Tuberculosis arthritis is caused by tuberculosis and the most frequently affected areas are the spine, knee, wriSts and ankles.
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U is for Ulcerative

Ulcerative colitis, Arthritis of: inflames the digestive tract and is extremely painful. Arthritis is one of the side effects of the disease. It causes painand inflammation of the joints.

 

Undifferentiated connective tissue syndrome (UCTS) is a connective tissue disorder affecting the lungs, intestinal tract, joints and the heart. There is acute inflammation and along with an immune response and there is proliferative as well as erosive action of cells resulting in damage to the bones.

 

Urticarial vasculitis is associated with systemic symptoms like angioedema, arthralgias, abdominal or chest pain, fever, pulmonary disease, renal disease, episcleritis, uveitis etc.
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V is for Viral

Viral arthritis—Viral diseases during childhood such as mumps, chickenpox, smallpox and infectious hepatitis can cause viral arthritis as a side effect. Infections with unknown can cause some transient joint disorders resulting in arthritis.
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W is for Wilson’s

 

Wegener’s granulomatosis is a disease that affects multiple organs. It is an immune suppression disease that damages blood vessels. Arthritis is a secondary condition.

 

Whipple’s disease leads to malabsorption of nutrients, weight loss, joint pain, and anemia. It is caused by a bacteria called Thropheryma whipplei.

 

Wilson’s disease is a autosomal recessive hereditary disease, which is an inherited disorder of copper metabolism and it leads to copper accumulation in the liver. It can lead to cirrhosis. Arthritis is a side effect.

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Y is for Yersinial

Yersinial arthritis is caused by the Yersinia enterocolitica. It can bea side effect of pneumonia, conjunctivitis , dysurea or hepatitis. This condition is often underdiagnosed and yersiniosis is a possibility in such cases.

 

Posted in Articles on July 19, 2011

 

by Anne Peterson

 

The doctor smiled at me from his seat of Great Wisdom and said, “You’ll learn to live with the pain.” 

I would have vaulted right over his desk and popped him one on his complacent snoot… if I could have. But there I sat, helplessly seething in my chair, testing out the latest of his panoply of powerful drugs. I don’t even remember which one it was. There’ve been so many.

 

Treatment du Jour

I’ve tried almost every “drug therapy” and wierdo alternative I could lay my gnarled hands on. There was the usual to begin with. Nothing doing. So I moved on too. Still no relief for the agonizing pain and the increasing crippling. I tied hot mineral soaks, hot wax dips, extended stays in the desert at spas, lolling around in the coffee-colored acidic water emitted by mangrove trees, an unorthodox hormone treatment, gold shots….and so many other things I can’t remember them all. And the pain went on. And the crunching up of bones went on.

 

When I started taking enough prednisone to make my face round, my back hunched, and my weight intractably high, there was some relief. OK, so I had to sign on for cataracts (yep, I got ’em), weakened bones (hello, osteoporosis), agitated digestive system (oh, no! Acid reflux! And a hiatal hernia) and who knows what others of the countless side-effects using “Ole Devil Prednisone” (as I familiarly call it) brings with it. But you always get something when you make a deal with the Devil. The pain became bearable. I could walk short distances without a cane.

 

I didn’t even have to use the crutches I’d ruined my wrists and shoulders hanging from while following another quack’s advice to “Hold on as long as you possibly can before you get knee replacements because the technology will be improving.” Well, how do you know when you’ve taken as much pain as you can? I stretched that torture out to three years, blindly obeying the quack’s advice. Well, he was right: the technology of joint replacements does keep improving, but I’ve since learned that (like buying a computer) you just have to jump in and take the current state-of-the-art if you’re in need. Next week something better will come along, but at least in the meantime, you’re up and going.

 

When I got my first knee replacement, my adorable orthopaedic surgeon gently mentioned that if I’d come in sooner, there would have been much less bone wear and deterioration, making his job easier. It’s always a good idea to get a second opinion, and if I’d had my head screwed on straight, I would have questioned the quack. But I was in intense pain, and I suspect that effects the functioning of the gray cells, too.

 

I think it was between my second and third knee replacements that I noticed a difference. Sometime in my thirtieth or so year into arthritis (you notice, I don’t call it “my” arthritis!) I noticed that, Wow! That original smug doctor was right! Either I was learning to live with it or I’d hit a plateau after all this time. I continued taking minimal doses of prednisone and weekly jolts of methatrexate. Maybe that’s what was doing it.

 

At any rate, by now I’m 72 and have left the intense onset-pain of the disease behind. I guess I was lucky to go through that when I was young (30) and strong. I’ve had a long time to get used to it, though it has change-ups and spin-offs, and by now the pain is minimal and the mobility good enough to allow me to spend unmeasured time at the computer; I can drive comfortably as far as gas money will take me; I can use my Disabled placard to park in places close enough for me to lurch the short distances I want to walk, and I lead a fairly normal and productive life. Life is beautiful and I have no complaints. Now, how many people can say that?

© 2006, Anne Peterson

 

Posted in Articles on July 19, 2011

by Laura L. Mays Hoopes

No, Doctor, that can’t be right. I can’t have arthritis. Old ladies get that. Not me, not now. Arthritis is something that makes your finger joints swell up so you can’t pick up a spoon to stir your coffee. It stoops the dowagers and keeps them from being able to lift up their legs gracefully as they enter the car, the way they were taught for their debuts. Sometimes I’ve seen those elegant old ladies actually pick up their legs with both hands.

 

“Arthritis” Is a Joke, Right? I’m too Young!

 

It’s not for me, I’m no dowager. It can’t be why my knee hurts and turns to pudding when I hope it’ll support me up the stairs. That’s not why I magisterially turn my whole body to face the person I am talking with, instead of just turning my head. No, never, that can’t be it.

 

Poor range of motion? Doctor, are you into physical education? That’s the only place I’ve heard that kind of language. No, I wasn’t rehabbing, I just tried to work out for a while. I stopped because the gym got too expensive, it wasn’t because I was too overweight to exercise anymore. That happened after I quit. Or at least it got worse then.

 

Inherited tendencies? No, my dad and my mom didn’t have it. Wait, no, my mom did, yes, she had it when my sister was a baby; her fingers swelled up like carrots and looked raw and red. She couldn’t sew at all then. Not even thread a needle for me, when I was six years old. But it went away, pretty much all of it. Yes, she has larger knuckles, but they’re not like they were then when she had arthritis. You say it doesn’t go away? OK, then my mom did have it, but it got better. No, I don’t care if you learned that it can’t get better, didn’t I see those knuckles get smaller and more flexible? She couldn’t play the piano at all when Jean was a baby, but now, at 91, she can still play a hymn with the best of them.

 

It’s immune? Can’t be immune. My immune system has enough to do keeping up with dental plaque, fungal infections between the toes, bacteria in the occasional cut, plus the hundreds of colds, infections, and flus that my students pass on to me whenever I grace them with an exam. Those immunity cells can’t attack me, they’re too busy. Not a guarantee? The immune system can do these perverse things even when it’s busy? Unfair, that’s all I’ve got to say. After all I’ve done to make sure it’s not bored.

 

Hormones? Not really. Well, after I had my menopause I did take Hormone Replacement Therapy. Then they were saying that it was a good idea if heart disease ran in your family, which it does. It might have cancer risks, they thought, but there was no cancer in my family as far as I knew then. But my sister talked to family members behind closed doors and winkled out many women who died of breast cancer before it was possible to say that in public. And then both she and I had breast cancer. Of course, I went off the estrogen/progesterone then and it’s been seven years now without hormone supplements.

 

Exacerbated by stress? Well, Doctor, maybe you have something there. My life is full of stress. Why does my son decide to become a rock star after college, why does my daughter say she never wants to get married or have kids, why does my husband say it would be best if I’d work a few more years instead of retiring yesterday? I have sort of lost control, and if there’s one thing that stresses me out, it’s not being in control. You say it comes with aging? Who are you calling old, doctor? Of course, you’re probably forty yourself, so you wouldn’t know. For my generation, sixty is the new thirty. Really.

 

 

Just take these pain killers twice a day? With food? Great, another excuse to get fat. Can’t you see that I can’t possibly eat more? I see, I should take them with the meals I already eat. Oh, well, it was worth a try. Thanks, Doctor.
© 2006, Laura L. Mays Hoopes

Posted in Articles on July 19, 2011

by Willma Willis Gore

Having been very healthy throughout my 80 years, I was somewhat surprised when two fingers on my right hand became rather crooked. I’d used my fingers daily at the typewriter for the first 60 years and, in the last 20, at the computer. Since the bent fingers gave me no pain, I dismissed this. My first acquaintance with the term “arthritis” came when the MD diagnosed “mild arthritis.”


My knees began hurting whenever I descended the stairs at my rental on the California Coast. When I visited a dryer climate in Arizona, the knees were much more comfortable–so I moved to Sedona, Arizona. When I checked in with my first AZ doctor, I told him that my knees hurt on the California Coast but felt much better in Arizona.

 

He didn’t require an x-ray and I did not press the matter. However, I had a fall, banging my left knee against a marble step. The resulting bruise was large and the knee very painful. MD ordered an x-ray. “You have severe arthritis in both knees,” he declared with apparent surprise. Since I had not really complained earlier, even though my knees always hurt when I descended stair steps, I asked him if knee replacement were necessary or an option.

 

He assigned me to an Osteopathy specialist who x-rayed and found a “hairline fracture of the left knee cap.” He ordered a Velcro-closing soft cast which I was to wear day and night. I learned to manage this, and after two months I was “cast-free.” Even though the x-rays showed “severe arthritis” in both knees, both specialist and primary care MD said “no knee replacement unless you are in severe pain.”

 

After a month-long trip back to California, my right knee was “undependable” on my return. That is, when I got up in the night, or out of bed in the morning, I had to test putting my weight on the right leg to make sure it was “there” for me, and the slightest twisting movement hurt. I checked it out with another “bone” MD. His x-rays confirmed “severe arthritis in both knees.”

 

However, he had a plan: First a cortisone shot to relieve the discomfort in the right knee—not the one with the healed kneecap. The shot relieved all discomfort. I was to return in a month which I did but still had no pain in that knee.

 

The next step in the plan—when I need it–will be three weekly injections of an artificial cartilage called Synvisc which apparently lasts three or more months, cushioning the bones that have begun to rub together as a result of the loss of natural cartilage—typical of arthritis. Now at age 84, neither the MD nor I feel it is yet time for Synvisc.

 

As long as my legs carry me easily on a 15 minute walk each morning, I will get along without further remedies but am happy to know that the new bone specialist is willing to provide me with the Synvisc when I need it—rather than knee replacement which would hospitalize me. The follow-up would be long sessions in therapy, which I can happily do without.

 

Willma Willis Gore is a full-time writer and writing group leader in Sedona, Arizona, which she says is ‘wonderful’ for her arthritis.

 

Posted in Articles on July 19, 2011

Arthritis affects one in three adults. It isn’t just painful, swollen joints; though red, gnarly joints are certainly prominant in arthritis. Arthritis can be grotesquely visible or excruciatingly invisible. Some of the more common types – described below – are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, fibromyalgia, lupus and ankylosing spondylitus. If you haven’t yet signed up for the ezine, do so now to get helpful information delivered to your desk weekly.

Posted in Articles on July 15, 2011

 

Systemic juvenile arthritis is sometimes called by a different name by doctors.  This name is “Still’s disease.”  Only about 10%, maybe 20%, of children who have arthritis have this type of arthritis. Children who have systemic juvenile arthritis have a lot of signs to watch for.  They have swollen joints that give them pain.  This pain means that there is something wrong inside of the child’s body.

 

Usually the pain is the worst in the morning because of the stiffness that comes from sleeping.  The pain and swelling come after a two-week fever.  This fever is really bad in the afternoons and evenings.

 

Some of these children also have a pink rash on their thighs and lower bodies.  This rash may come and go.  Since it is not always there, parents need to be sure that they see it when it is there so that they can tell their child’s doctor.  It can also be helpful for the doctor to know what was going on before this rash was seen on the child’s body.  There are also times when this fever and rash may go on for a couple of years before the child gets swollen joints and pain.  However, this joint pain and swelling has to be present for at least six weeks before a doctor will diagnose a child with Systemic arthritis.

 

 

A child with this condition may also have low back pain.  These children may limp or refuse to use an arm or leg because they say that it hurts.  For this reason, children who use to be very active may now be very inactive.  Sometimes this is because these children are anemic.  This means that there are low levels of the red blood cells that carry oxygen into the child’s body.  Anemia will make the child weak and tired.

 

 

There are also other parts inside of the body that can be affected.  These are the child’s immune system and internal organs.  The organs that are affected most are the heart, spleen and liver.

 

Another problem that these children have is with their eyes.  Their eyes can become very irritated.  These children can also get eye diseases.  One of these eye diseases is called iritis.  This is when the black part of the eye becomes very irritated.  Another of these eye diseases is called uveitis.  This is when the middle part of the eye becomes very irritated.  A child will not have any big problems with their eyes before they get Systemic arthritis.

 

Doctors will sometimes do a blood test on these children, to check for this disability.  The doctors are looking for rheumatoid factor.  This is what a person who has rheumatoid arthritis has.  They are also looking for antinuclear antibody.  This is something that happens when the body attacks its own organs.  Doctors know that a child with Systemic arthritis will not have either of these things in their blood.  Other things that doctors will do whenever they are diagnosing a child is take X-rays, do a good exam, and really look at the child’s past medical history.

 

A lot of doctors also believe that this disorder is caused by an allergy to something that the child is eating.  The most common allergy that these children have is milk and milk products.  This is because milk has something in it called casein.  This is a protein that is found inside of milk.  It can also be found in nondairy products too.  Casein can make a person be stiff, sore and have headaches.  A lot of times, when these children give up milk and milk products they no longer feel stiff, sore, or have headaches.

 

Something else that can irritate these children is gluten.  Gluten is found in wheat, barley, rye and oats (typically through processing cross-contamination).  Other common food allergies for these children are corn and some things that are added to food, especially MSG and Aspartame.  MSG is a type of salt.  Aspartame is a kind of fake sugar.

 

The reason that doctors believe that Systemic arthritis is caused by allergies to food is because all of the joints of the body are involved.  This means that there cannot be a physical reason for this and so it is a chemical reason.

 

Most of the time this will not change into rheumatoid arthritis later on.  However, if these problems are not taken care of in children, then these children will have these problems throughout their life.  If these children are taken care of, then most of the time they will not have any problems when they grow up.

 

 

Posted in Articles on July 15, 2011

 

There’s no gentle way of saying this: a specific cure for the cartilage degeneration seen in osteoarthritis does not exist. There is also no method to repair or regain the damaged cartilage.

The aim of the treatment:

If osteoarthritis cannot be treated, what then is the goal of the treatment?

 

People suffering from osteoarthritis endure varying degrees of pain. While some are lucky enough to be completely free of pain, others are incapacitated by it. Treatment aims at reducing joint pain and inflammation. It also focuses on improving and maintaining joint function.

 

Depending upon the intensity of pain, some patients benefit from conservative measures such as exercise, rest and diet management. Others make use of occupational and physical therapy and use mechanical support devices. These measures are particularly useful in managing pain in the large weight-bearing joints like the hip and the knee.

 

Medicines:

Most medications are anti-inflammatory and aim at reducing pain. Patients may take the medicine orally or apply them topically. Sometimes an injection in the joints helps.

 

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) consist of medicines like Ibuprofen and aspirin that help reduce pain and inflammation. But many of them cause intestinal distress when used for long periods. Steroidal injections quickly reduce pain and inflammation but can harm the tissues and the bones.

 

In case of severe pain that does not respond to exercise or medication, a series of injections of hyaluronic acid into the joints may be helpful. These products work for a limited span of time by restoring the thickness of the joint fluid. Thus there is enough lubrication between the joints – at least for a while.

 

Depending on any drug for long-term relief is not practical or advisable. When conservative measures are unsuccessful in managing pain and maintaining mobility, doctors consider surgery.

 

Exercise:

A person suffering from pain should perform exercise at a level that avoids pain. In that case, exercise will not aggravate the problem. In fact, exercise can help in many ways:

  • It strengthens the muscles around the joints
  • It maintains and improves mobility
  • Helps overweight people lose weight, and
  • Promotes endurance

 

The most popular exercises are swimming, walking and light weight training. In most people, even a modest reduction in weight can dramatically reduce symptoms.

 

Accessories:

Physical therapists provide devices like braces, canes, splints and walkers to reduce stress on the joints. Warm water soaks, paraffin wax drops and nighttime cotton gloves ease symptoms in the hand. A firm mattress, neck collar or a lumbar corset can reduce the tension in the spine.

 

Alternative (natural) treatment:

A national survey reported that in recent years more than 45% of people suffering from oosteoarthritis turned to alternative therapy for support and management of symptoms. Some of the most common treatments include Acupuncture and Acupressure, Magnet Therapy, therapeutic massage and Diet Therapy.

 

Food supplements:

Some studies suggest that natural food supplements like glucosamine, methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM) and chondroitin can relieve the pain and stiffness felt by persons with osteoartritus. Pharmacies and health food stores supply these products over the counter. You do not need a prescription for these.

 

Flax seed oil is another food supplement that produces essential omega-3 fatty acids and thus reduces inflammation.

 

There is very little proof regarding the effectiveness of these substances. However, Glucosamine/Chondroitin Arthritis Intervention Trial (GAIT) is conducting tests to ascertain the effects of food supplements on patients suffering from osteoarthritis in the knee.

 

Self-help measures:

There are certain things every person can do at home. Warm showers and baths – especially whirlpool baths – often help reduce pain and stiffness. Warm wet compresses like castor oil compress comfort sore joints.

 

Additionally, plenty of support centers and web sites offer intelligent and practical advice to people suffering from this condition. Certain publications like “Mayo Clinic on Arthritis” suggest more treatment methods that make the life of a patient with soteoarthritis as normal as possible. Most of these resources use pictures and adequate explanation to better equip you.

 

In the future, prevention of osteoarthritis may become possible. At the very least, we may have a remedy that helps grow back the lost cartilage. However, till this happens a patient’s best bet is to take immediate steps to contain damage. Regular weight control, exercise and symptom management will help him or her lead a near-normal life.

 

Posted in Articles on July 14, 2011

 

Arthritis may be the most misunderstood disease crippling the population, the workforce and the economy today.

For most people, the word arthritis conjures up pictures of swollen stiff joints in old people—someone who can no longer play the piano or tennis. And that is one definition of the disease. But arthritis can strike at any age and reach far beyond joint pain and stiffness to cripple joints, muscles and internal organs. You can be born with it or you can get it later. We’ll explain.

What Is Arthritis?

Arthritis encompasses over 100 diseases or symptom clusters.  The word arthritis, sometimes misspelled “arthritus” or “athritis,” actually means inflammation of the joints. However, few people realize that inflammation, a rheumatic condition, can be caused by metabolism, infection or genetics.

Rheumatism can refer to a number of different conditions with symptoms of pain, inflammation and swelling not only in joints but also in muscles and other tissues. It can affect internal organs, too, which may account for most deaths from arthritis. And this can occur whether or not the “rheumatoid factor” (an autoantibody that reacts against IgG immunoglobulins) is present.

Is arthritis the same as rheumatism? Yes and no. Arthritis is a rheumatic disease, but not all rheumatism is arthritic. There are many kinds of arthritis, but all of them make up only a small part of all the diseases that are rheumatic. However, when people say rheumatoid arthritis, you can be sure they are referring to a type of rheumatism that is arthritic.

All arthritis is rheumatic, but not all rheumatism is arthritic.

Types and Causes of Arthritis

Most kinds of arthritis cause red, swollen painful joints in varying degrees. Like the “hokey pokey” it could be fingers, thumbs, knees, toes, hips, neck or spine. Some kinds affect organs, like eyes, liver or skin.

Here are some of the diseases that fall under the diagnosis of arthritis. Notice that some are familiar and some that may surprise you.

  • Osteoarthritis—the most common form of arthritis (OA). Cartilage, the cushiony material in joints that keeps two bones from rubbing together, progressively breaks down. When bone hits bone, there is pain and a loss of flexibility. Osteoarthritis is degenerative, meaning it gets worse.
  • Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most serious and crippling types, and it mostly strikes women (RA). Joint linings are attacked a person’s own immune system, and the joints become swollen, puffy, red and very painful (sinusitis).
  • Gout, as though evening the score, affects mostly men, usually between 40-50 years of age. While it may result from a genetic predisposition, it can usually be controlled with diet and medication.
  • Ankylosing spondylitis results in spinal fusion caused by inflammation.
  • Juvenile arthritis covers any kind of arthritis in children, whether it’s rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, ankylosing spondylitis or another diagnosis.
  • Lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE), can affect joints, connective tissue and organs. Again, it primarily affects women.
  • Scleroderma attacks connective tissue, resulting in thick, hard skin. Remember the skin is the largest organ of the body.
  • Fibromyalgia shows up as generalized pain throughout the body, mostly where muscles and bone are attached. It affects mostly women.
  • Psoriatic arthritis follows an outbreak of psoriasis about 85% of the time. (Psoriasis is a lifelong skin condition characterized by red patches and scaliness.)

 

Remember, we told you there are 100 kinds of arthritis so this is the very short list. In addition to a genetic predisposition to

How Widespread is Arthritis?

Arthritis is the leading cause of disability in the United States in people over 15 years old. Nearly one out of three adults has arthritis. Many more people may have a form of arthritis that has not been diagnosed because they have not sought medical care for joint pain, stiffness or other discomfort.

The Economy of Arthritis

Besides the billions of dollars a year people with arthritis, and their insurance companies, pay to medical care providers such as doctors, physical therapists and hospitals, there is an almost equal amount of money spent to accommodate people with disabilities, besides the loss of productivity and loss of wages.

In all, arthritis costs nearly 100 billion dollars a year just in the United Sates.

Treatment of Arthritis

The most important treatment for arthritis is “whatever’s soonest.” In other words, early diagnosis is extremely important for there to be good success in treating this disease. If someone is noticing stiff joints or unexplained general fatigue, that person will not benefit from “not knowing,” because delayed treatment will never be as effective. Remember, arthritis can be degenerative; it marches forward every second of every day left untreated.

Some remedies are as natural as exercise or a change in diet. Others may require of one the many tested, proven or even new medications that have been developed for treating arthritis.